Kraftshof

Kressenstein Castle, Kraftshof Castle, The Kress Manor House

Here again we have a manor which is connected to the Kress family. This manor was passed down to a different line of Kresses than those Cresses in America who are descended from Johann Nicholaus Heinrich Kress. However, one argument that Friedrich I Kress of Kraftshof was the actual father of Heinrich I Kress of Neunhof rather than the supposed Heroldus Kress has been made as that is how the engraved family tree of 1641 appears according to Kress Family History under the biography for Heroldus Krzze. If Friedrich I Kress was the father of Heinrich I Kress, he would be our only known ancestor connected to this manor at Kraftshof.

There are three different manor seats to be distinguished at Kraftshof.

Kressenstein Castle

  1. The Kressenstein, which still bears this name, a massive, square, one-storied building of small extent on a strong and large foundation. It was formerly surrounded by water, while a meadow spreads around it now. On the front the walled-in, stone-cut alliance coat-of-arms of its first builder and owner shows the inscription:

"Kressenstain 1291"

This building contains in its first story nothing but an almost square hall, which is used at present for storing the family archives. In the basement is a cellar-like room. The present building there is the remains of what was once a strong two-storied castle, surrounded by protecting water, which offer adequate shelter for a small family, considering the modest requirements of that time.

The name "Kressenstein" for this "dwelling-tower" has been found rather early in written documents and later again repeatedly, until it was confirmed officially by the patent of the Emperor Charles V on July 15, 1530.

As Kressenstein was burned by the bands of Margrave Albrecht Achilles in 1449 and lost its possibility of being used as a dwelling place in later times, though it had been somewhat rebuilt, it was mentioned after this time not only under the name of Kressenstein but also as "Alter Burgstall," (meaning Old Castle) "Sommerhaus," (meaning summer-house) etc.

According to the records of the family-chronicler Johann Wilhem I Kress of the year 1621, Hieronymus Kress, who died in 1477, had a "shed" erected on the foundation of the burned Kressenstein in 1460. The well-known war commander Hieronymus Kress, who died in 1596, had this shed destroyed again in 1587 and "in the same place there is now a summer-house, which we have still before our eyes," that was in 1621.

The former Kressenstein has been preserved in this shape till the present day.

Kraftshof Castle

2. Kraftshof Castle is also occasionally called Kresentstein.

According to several illustrations, which have been preserved, this castle looked like those which other patricians had erected in the neighborhood of Nuremberg. On a massive stone foundation, likewise surrounded by water, there was a timber-framed building with two stories and two extensions on it.

With regard to the older history of these two dwelling-places, the chronicles of the family archives at Kraftshof give two different versions:


A. Johann Wilhelm I Kress, who died in 1658, recorded that until 1456 only the so-called Kressenstein (old castle) existed. It was originally a fief of the Burgrave of Nuremberg, later the family von Berg. Later on this family gave the Kressenstein into the charge of the Holy Empire and this was the reason for its being an Imperial fief. Johann Wilhelm recording the following owners:

Friedrick I Kress and his heirs; 1291-1343, the Burgraves of Nuremberg; the Derrer; Berthold (Prechtel) Kress - 1357; Konrad Ehinger - 1376; Hermann Ebner - 1400; Hermann Volland and his heirs - 1403; Conrad Kress since 1404.

Beginning with this Conrad Kress, who died in 1430, the Kressenstein has been uninterruptedly in possession of the Kress family.

Kraftshof was documentarily mentioned for the first time in 1277. Friedrich and Herdegen the Holzschuher confirmed that Brugrave Friedrich of Nuremberg made them retainers in his castle at Kraftshof and gave them half of the village and the tithe there as a castle-fee.

Since Kressenstein could no longer be considered as a dwelling-place after the troubles of the war from 1449-1450, Hieronymous Kress, who died in 1477, is said to have had "another manor seat erected at the fish-pond and used it for his domicile, in order to have more comfort and that this house was his free property" that is, it was not a fief.

This other manor seat or castle is the one already described under 2, which was destroyed by the war bands of Forchheim in 1634 and was not rebuilt.


B. According to another opinion, recorded in subsequent documents, particularly by Carl Sigmund Kress about 1745, the Kressenstein was an Imperial fief from the very beginning and in continuous possession of the family. Besides the Kressenstein there had been a second manor seat also from the beginning, which was originally a fief of the family von Berg and which had different owners, according to the records of Johann Wilhelm Kress, with regard to the Kressenstein. It too was destroyed in 1449 and only rebuilt by Hieronymus Kress in 1456.


Which of these two versions is correct, could only be ascertained by detailed research at the sources. The opinion as recorded by Johann Wilhelm would seem to be more probable.

The Kress Manor House

3. The last manor seat was built in 1712. According to the statements of Carl Sigmund there was another dwelling place of the Kresses on the same ground before that time, which Sebald I Kress had erected, who died in 1477, bailiff of the Imperial Castle at Nuremberg and founder of the so-called line of the Upper Palatinate. To build the new manor seat in 1711 and 1712, the stones of the destroyed castle Kraftshof, which still existed, were used. Unfortunately, this final manor house was destroyed during World War 2 and was not rebuilt. The image above was taken about 1892.